101 BFR Research Papers

101 BFR Research Papers



101 BFR Research Papers From Prehab to Rehab Performance & Maintenance



Prehab & Rehab -Further Specification <strong><strong><strong><strong>⇩</strong></strong></strong></strong>

Under reconstruction…


  • Lower body Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions – Various knee and hip conditions (1-10) ➕ Cartilage & Meniscus – acute or generative tears (1-10)
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  • Arthritis – Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (11-20)
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  • Following knee and hip surgery e.g. arthroscopy (21-24)
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  • ACL-Reconstruction or conservatively managed ACL injury (25-33)
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  • Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) anterior kneecap pain (34-36)
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  • Total joint replacements (arthroplasty) (37-42)
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  • Unspecified shoulder pain – ROT & RC Tendinopathy (43-46)
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  • Osteoarthritis of the shoulder (GH and AC) (43-46)
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  • Bone fractures and chronic osteopenia/osteoporosis (47-52)
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  • Hand and grip strength – relevant for hand and finger arthritis (40-42)
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  • General tendon Health & Tendinopathy (43-46)
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  • Acute Tendon injuries and post tendon surgery) (47)
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  • Disc herniation and non-specific back pain (48-49)
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  • Cardiovascular Health (50-53)
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  • Multiple Sclerosis (54-57)
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  • Type 2 Diabetes (58-60)
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  • Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis (SIBM) (61)
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  • General attenuation of muscle loss during Immobilization (63)
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  • Hypoanalgesic response aka. acute pain reduction (64-65)
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  • Patient Reported Outcomes Measures (PROM) & objective Physical function – Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (66-67)
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  • BFR in combination with Electro stimulation (EMS) in severe cases of muscle loss or inhibition) (68-69)
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Performance & Maintenance -Specification<strong> <strong><strong><strong><strong>⇩</strong></strong></strong></strong></strong>

Under reconstruction…


  • Aerobic Performance (VO2max) – Cardiovascular training (70-77)
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  • Running Velocity and universal performance improvements (78-87)
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  • Sports specific performance improvements (88-91)
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  • Bodybuilding and strength gain (92-96)
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  • Contra Lateral Effect on strength & hypertrophy – Cross Education (CE) (97)
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  • Ischemic Pre-Conditioning (IPC) & Ischemic Intra-Conditioning (IIC) – Passive BFR (98-100)
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  • Improved restitution (Ischemic Post conditioning) – Passive BFR (101-102)
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Complete Source & Reference List<strong> <strong><strong><strong><strong>⇩</strong></strong></strong></strong></strong>

Under reconstruction…
1. Barber-Westin et al. (2020) Blood Flow-Restricted Training for Lower Extremity Muscle Weakness due to Knee Pathology- A Systematic Review
2. Cuyul-Vasquez et al. (2020) The addition of blood flow restriction to resistance exercise in individuals with knee pain- a systematic review and meta-analysis
3. Cerqueira et Brito Vieira (2020) Letter to the Editor – The addition of blood flow-restriction to resistance exercise in individuals with knee pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis
4. Lorenz et al. (2021) Current Clinical Concepts- Blood Flow Restriction Training
5. Bielitzki et al (2021) Time to Save Time: Beneficial Effects of BFR and the Need to Quantify the Time Potentially Saved by its Application during Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation
6. Cant et al. (2020) Quadriceps strengthening with blood flow restriction for the rehabilitation of patients with knee conditions- A systematic review with meta-analysis
7. Hughes et al. (2017) Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
8. Slysz et al. (2016) The efficacy of blood flow restricted exercise: A systematic review & meta-analysis
9. Takarada et al. (2000) Applications of vascular occlusion diminish disuse atrophy of knee extensor muscles
10. William et al. (2017) Blood Flow Restriction Training: Implementation into Clinical Practice
11. Jakobsen et al. (2022) Blood flow restriction added to usual care exercise in patients with early weight bearing restrictions after cartilage or meniscus repair in the knee joint: a feasibility study
12. Harper et al. (2019) Blood-Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise for Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
13. Ferlito et al. (2020) The blood flow restriction training effect in knee osteoarthritis people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
14. Segal et al. (2015) Efficacy of Blood Flow Restricted Low-Load Resistance Training in Women with Risk Factors for Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
15. Harper et al. (2019) Blood-Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise for Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial
16. Ferraz et al. (2018) Benefits of Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction in Knee Osteoarthritis
17. Bryk et al. (2016) Exercises with partial vascular occlusion in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial
18. Grantham et al. (2021) Does blood flow restriction training enhance clinical outcomes in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
19. Roschel et al. (2016) Low-intensity Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction Increases Muscle Function And Mass In Rheumatoid Arthritis
20. Jønsson et al. (2021) Feasibility and estimated efficacy of blood flow restricted training in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled pilot study
21. Noah Fassian (2020) Effektivität von Okklusionstraining auf Kraft und Muskelmasse bei Patientinnen und Patienten nach Kniearthroskopie
21. Finished in 2022 – Jakobsen et al. (2022) Blood flow restriction added to usual care exercise in patients with early weight bearing restrictions after cartilage or meniscus repair in the knee joint: a feasibility study
22. The Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Atrophy Following Knee Surgery. (Not finished A/O 2020)
23. 3b Rush University Medical Center (2020) in progress Blood Flow Restriction Following Hip Arthroscopy. Not finished A/O 2020)
24. Noyes et al. 2021 – Blood Flow Restriction Training Can Improve Peak Torque Strength in Chronic Atrophic Postoperative Quadriceps and Hamstrings Muscles
25. Hughes et al. (2018) Blood Flow Restriction Training in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructive Surgery: A Review
26. Ohta et al. (2003) Low-load resistance muscular training with moderate restriction of blood flow after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
27. Zargi et al. (2018) The effects of preconditioning with ischemic exercise on quadriceps femoris muscle atrophy following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a quasi-randomized controlled trial
28. Charles et al. (2020) Systematic Review of the Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Quadriceps Muscle Atrophy and Circumference Post ACL Reconstruction
29. Alvarez et al. (2020) Comparison of Blood Flow Restriction Training versus Non-Occlusive Training in Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction or Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review
30. Kacin et al. (2021) Functional and molecular adaptations of quadriceps and hamstring muscles to blood flow restricted training in patients with ACL rupture
31. Jack et al. (2023) Blood Flow Restriction Therapy Preserves Lower Extremity Bone and Muscle Mass After ACL Reconstruction
32. Prue et al. (2022) Side Effects and Patient Tolerance with the Use of Blood Flow Restriction Training after ACL Reconstruction in Adolescents: A Pilot Study
Koc et al. (2022) Effect of low-load exercise on blood flow after anterior cruciate ligament 33. reconstruction- A systematic review
34. Giles et al. (2017) Quadriceps strengthening with and without blood flow restriction in the treatment of PFP
35. Korakakis et al. (2018) Blood Flow Restriction induces hypoalgesia in recreationally active adult male anterior knee pain patients allowing therapeutic exercise loading
36. Constantinou et al. (2022) Comparing hip and knee focused exercises versus hip and knee focused exercises with the use of blood flow restriction training in adults with patellofemoral pain
37. Franz et al. (2018) Blood flow restriction training as a prehabilitation concept in total knee arthroplasty: A narrative review about current preoperative interventions and the potential impact of BFR
38. Franz et al. (2022) Impact of a Six-Week Prehabilitation With Blood-Flow Restriction Training on Pre- and Postoperative Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Patients Receiving Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
39. Franz et al. (2023) Blood flow restriction training in the pre- and postoperative phases of joint surgery
40. Gaunder et al. (2017) Occlusion training: pilot study for postoperative lower extremity rehabilitation following primary total knee arthroplasty
41. Kilgas et al. (2019) Home-Based Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction to Improve Quadriceps Muscle and Physical Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report
42. De Renty et al. (2023) Knee Loading With Blood Flow Restriction Can Enhance Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty
43. Brumitt et al. (2020) Blood Flow Restriction Training for the Rotator Cuff: A Randomized Controlled Trial
44. Dankel et al (2026) Upper-Body Musculature Located Distal and Proximal to Applied Pressure
45. Lambert et al. (2019) Blood Flow Restriction for Strengthening of the Rotator Cuff and Injury Prevention
46. Bowman et al. (2020) Upper-extremity blood flow restriction: the proximal, distal, and contralateral effects: a randomized controlled trial
47. Bittar et al. (2018) Effects of blood flow restriction exercises on bone metabolism: a systematic review
48. Cansio et al. (2019) Blood Flow Restriction Therapy after Closed Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures
49. Loenneke et al. (2013) Rehabilitation of an osteochondral fracture using blood flow restricted exercise: a case review
50. Cancio et al. (2018) Blood Flow Restriction Therapy after Non-Operative Management of Distal Radius Fracture: A Randomized controlled pilot study
51. Linero et Choi (2021) Effect of blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance training on bone markers and physical functions in postmenopausal women
52. Larsen et al. (2021) Blood-flow restricted exercise following ankle fractures – A feasibility study
53. Velic & Hornswill (2014) KAATSU Training and Handgrip Strength
54. Credeur et al. (2010) Effects of handgrip training with venous restriction on brachial artery vasodilation
55. Fernandes et al. (2020) effects of blood flow restriction training on handgrip strength and muscular volume of young women
56. Skovlund et al. (2020) The effect of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction on chronic patellar tendinopathy – a case series
57. Centner et al (2019) Low-Load blood flow restriction training induces similar morphological and mechanical Achilles tendon adaptations compared to high-load resistance training
58. Kubo et al. (2006) Effects of low-load resistance training with vascular occlusion on the mechanical properties of muscle and tendon
59. Mohmara et al. (2014) 5 Effects Of Low-intensity Concentric Combined With Blood Flow Restriction On Achilles Tendon
60. Burton & McCormack (2022) Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training in Tendon Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review on Intervention Parameters, Physiological Effects, and Outcomes
61. Yow et al. (2018) Blood Flow Restriction Training After Achilles Tendon Rupture
62. Amano et al. (2016) Effectiveness of blood flow restricted exercise compared with standard exercise in patients with recurrent low back pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (not finished)
63. Stavres et al. (2018) The Feasibility of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise in Patients With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
64. Tanaka et al. (2017) The impact of aerobic exercise training with vascular-ESC_Heart_Failure
65. Lida et al. (2011) Effects of walking with bloodflow restriction on limb venous compliance in elderly subjects
66. Nascimento et al. (2019) Effects of blood flow restriction exercise on hemostasis: a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized trial
67. Amorim et al. (2020) Low‐intensity resistance exercise with blood flow restriction and arterial stiffness in humans: a systematic review
68. Lamberti et al. (2020) Effectiveness of blood flow-restricted slow walking on mobility in severe multiple sclerosis: a pilot randomized trial
69. Chotiyarnwong et al. (2019) Effect of remote ischaemic preconditioning on walking in people with multiple sclerosis: double-blind randomised controlled trial
70. Camara-Lemarroy et al. (2018) Expanding the Potential Therapeutic Options for Remote Ischemic Preconditioning: Use in Multiple Sclerosis
71. Darvishi et al. (2017) Effect of Aerobic Training with Blood Flow Restricting on Static Balance, Lower Extremity Strength, and Thigh Hypertrophy in Females with Multiple Sclerosis
72. Honda et al. (2016) Stair climbing-descending exercise for a short time decreases blood glucose levels after a meal in people with type 2 diabetes
73. Saatmann et al. (2020) Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Exercise and Possible Applications in Type 2 Diabetes
74. Yoshihara et al. (2016) Effect of 6-Month Walking and Stair-Climbing Exercise Program and Walking with Blood Flow Restriction on Body Composition and Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Elderly People
75. Jørgensen et al. (2019) Blood flow restricted resistance training in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis: a randomized controlled trial
76. Alves et al. (2020) Resistance training with blood flow restriction: impact on the muscle strength and body composition in people living with HIV/AIDS
77. Barbalho et al. (2018) Addition of blood flow restriction to passive mobilization reduces the rate of muscle wasting in elderly patients in the intensive care unit: a within-patient randomized trial
78. Korakakis et Whiteley (2019) Low-load resistance exercise, blood flow restriction, or sham blood flow restriction for anterior knee pain: a three-arm pilot RCT
79. Hughes & Patterson (2019) Low-intensity blood flow restriction exercise: Rationale for a hypoalgesia effect
80. Clarkson et al. (2019) Chronic Blood Flow Restriction Exercise Improves Objective Physical Function: A Systematic Review
81. Clarkson et al. (2017) Blood flow restriction walking and physical function in older adults: A randomized control trial
82. Natsume et al. (2015) Effects of Electro stimulation with Blood Flow Restriction on Muscle Size and Strength
83. Slysz et Burr (2018) The Effects of Blood Flow Restricted Electro stimulation on Strength and Hypertrophy
84. Bennett et al. (2019) effects of blood flow restriction training on aerobic capacity and performance: A systematic review
85. Formiga et al. (2020) Effect of aerobic exercise training with and without blood flow restriction on aerobic capacity in healthy young adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis
86. Paton at al. (2017) The effects of muscle blood flow restriction during running training on measures of aerobic capacity and run time to exhaustion
87. Daryani et al. (2020) A comparative study of low intensity aerobic blood flow restriction training and conventional aerobic training on VO2max and thigh muscle girth in healthy 18-25-year-old adults
88. Held et al. (2020) Low intensity rowing with blood flow restriction over 5-weeks increases VO2max in elite rowers: A randomized controlled trial
89. Kim et al. (2016) – Comparative Effects of Vigorous-Intensity and Low-Intensity Blood Flow Restricted Cycle Training and Detraining on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Aerobic Capacity.
89. Smith et al. (2022) Aerobic Training With Blood Flow Restriction for Endurance Athletes: Potential Benefits and Considerations of Implementation
90. Amani et al. (2019) – Effects of Blood Flow Restriction and Exercise Intensity on Aerobic, Anaerobic, and Muscle Strength Adaptations in Physically Active Collegiate Women.
91. Ferguson et al. (2021) – Blood-Flow-Restricted Exercise: Strategies for Enhancing Muscle Adaptation and Performance in the Endurance-Trained Athlete.
92. Ozaki et al. (2010) – Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to upright cycle exercise with leg blood flow reduction.
93. Behringer et al. (2016) – Low-Intensity Sprint Training With Blood Flow Restriction Improves 100-m Dash.
94. Abe et al. (2015) – Eight days KAATSU-resistance training improved sprint but not jump performance in collegiate male track and field athletes.
95. Wortman et al. (2021) – Blood Flow Restriction Training for Athletes: A systematic Review.
96. Bagley et al. (2015) – Is Blood Flow Restriction Training Beneficial for Athletes?
97. Patterson et al. (2021) – Editorial: Blood Flow Restriction Rehabilitation to Performance.
98. Pignanelli et al. (2021) – Blood flow restriction training and the high-performance athlete: science to application.
99. Christiansen et al. (2020) – Training with blood flow restriction increases femoral artery diameter and thigh oxygen delivery during knee-extensor exercise in recreationally trained men.
100. Christiansen et al. (2019a) – Blood flow-restricted training enhances thigh glucose uptake during exercise and muscle antioxidant function in humans.
101. Christiansen et al. (2019b) – Cycling with blood flow restriction improves performance and muscle K+ handling and blunts the effect of antioxidant infusion in humans.
102. Christiansen et al. (2018) – Increased FXYD1 and PGC‐1α mRNA after blood flow‐restricted running is related to fiber type-specific AMPK signaling and oxidative stress in human muscle.
103. Manimmanakorn et al. (2013) – Effects of low-load resistance training combined with blood flow restriction or hypoxia on muscle function and performance in netball athletes.
104. Amani et al. (2019) – BFR During Futsal Training Increases Muscle Activation and Strength.
105. Amani et al. (2018) – Interval Training with Blood Flow Restriction: Aerobic Performance among Young Soccer Players at Transition Phase.
106. Takarada et al. (2002) – Effects of resistance exercise combined with vascular occlusion on muscle function in athletes.
107. Scott et al. (2015) – Exercise with blood flow restriction: an updated evidence-based approach for enhanced muscular development.
108. Gulfirat et Bisgin (2021) – Blood flow restriction in strength training (review).
109. Dankel et al. (2016) – The Effects of Blood Flow Restriction.
110. Yasuda et al. (2010) – Effects of low-intensity bench press training with restricted arm muscle blood flow on chest muscle hypertrophy: A pilot study.
111. Rolnick et Schoenfeld (2020) – Blood Flow Restriction Training and the Physique Athlete: A Practical Research-Based Guide to Maximizing Muscle Size.
112. Bowman et al. (2019) – Proximal, Distal, and Contralateral Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on the Lower Extremities: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
113. Paradis-Deschênes et al. (2020) – Ischemic Preconditioning Enhances Aerobic Adaptations to Sprint-Interval Training in Athletes Without Altering Systemic Hypoxic Signaling and Immune Function.
114. Cerqueira et al. (2021) – Effects of Individualized Ischemic Preconditioning on Protection Against Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
115. Fortin et Bllaut (2019) – Blood-Flow Restricted Warm-Up Alters Muscle Hemodynamics and Oxygenation during Repeated Sprints in American Football Players.
116. Fostiak et al. (2022) – Acute Effects of Ischemic Intra-Conditioning on 30 m Sprint Performance.
117. Montoye et al. (2023) – Acute Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning at Different Occlusion Pressures on Athletic Performance Indicators in Male Soccer Players.
118. TAKADA et al. (2011) – Blood Flow Restriction Exercise in Sprinters and Endurance Runners.

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